Kebudayaan dan Hak Asasi Manusia

Yang jelas, minimal ukuran itu mengacu pada Hak Asasi Manusia. Sebab, sejarah panjang kebiadaban pada kemanusiaanlah yang menjadikan hak setiap individu perlu dihormati. Jadi, hulu-hilir dari kebudayaan adalah hak. Dengan begitu kemanusiaan bertumbuh. Artinya, negara yang tidak menghargai hak adalah negara yang tak berbudaya.

Ruang dan Isi

Seketika HAM dijadikan pijakan, seketika itu pula permasalahan terbentang. Misal, dapatkah individu menggunakan hak berpendapatnya meskipun dia buta huruf terdahap keadaan? Dan, benturan terus-menerus antara masyarakat dan negara memunculkan kasus-kasus pelanggaran HAM.

Secara hukum, HAM sudah terpampang megah di dalam konstitusi. Tetapi, secara praktik politik dan kultural jauh dari sudah.

Sejak awal, relasi masyarakat dan negara diandaikan bejana berhubungan dalam hukum Pascal. Ketika ada tekanan di bejana A, maka cairan di bejana B akan naik, dan juga sebaliknya. Artinya, saat negara begitu kuat, maka masyarakat melemah atau sebaliknya masyarakat menguat, negara melemah. Pikiran oposisi biner ini yang menimbulkan benturan demi benturan.

Ketegangan itu terjadi akibat ruang tertutup. Untuk itu public sphere perlu diperluas. Yakni, ruang terbuka yang membentengi ketegangan secara langsung antara negara dan masyarakat supaya hukum Pascal tidak bekerja dalam kehidupan sosial.

Dengan kata lain, ruang mendahului isi. Ya, ruang itulah yang ditutup oleh orde baru dulu. Sehingga banyak terjadi konflik vertikal. Saat reformasi, ruang sudah dibuka. Namun, kita tidak tahu harus diisi dengan apa ruang tersebut. Masuklah terlebih dahulu kurikulum intoleransi, feodal, dan patriaki dalam percakapan publik. Akhirnya kita harus merebutnya kembali.

Aktor lain dan sangat sentral dalam kehidupan adalah industri. Bahkan negara dapat dikendalikan industri. Ruang media sosial dikendalikan oleh oligark media yang juga pebisnis kelas kakap. Culture industry bekerja melalui media massa, iklan, seni, film dan gaya hidup pesohor. Setidaknya kita terpapar lebih dari 5000 iklan perhari. Hal ini memunculkan ‘kebutuhan palsu’.

Citra, status, kenikmatan menjadikan kita bekerja terus untuk membeli produk tanpa tahu apakah itu benar-benar dibutuhkan. Twitter, youtube dan seterusnya dipenuhi buzzer. Menjadikan ruang beropini tentang isu publik itu riuh rendah dengan celotehan, bukan dengan gagasan. Sekadar ruang tanpa isi. Merebutnya kembali adalah keniscayaan. 

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